Final answer:
Formative evaluation happens during the middle of a semester, providing continuous feedback, while summative evaluation occurs at the end of the semester, assessing overall comprehension. a) Middle of the semester, end of the semester .
Step-by-step explanation:
Formative evaluation occurs during the middle of the semester, as summative evaluation occurs during the end of the semester.
Formative evaluation is a continuous process of assessment that allows for feedback and instructional adjustments throughout a course or unit. This type of evaluation aids in understanding student learning and development as it happens. Frequent methods include quizzes, draft submissions, and discussions. Contrastingly, summative evaluation is an assessment at the conclusion of an instructional period. It measures the extent of learners’ comprehension and often takes the form of final exams, projects, or papers. Summative assessment results are typically used for assigning grades or determining course completion.
Understanding the two is critical for educational practitioners who aim to enhance the learning journey and measure educational outcomes effectively.