Final answer:
The correct answer is option b) Student.
Step-by-step explanation:
The constructivist view places the primary responsibility for learning on the student. It suggests that individuals construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences, emphasizing the student's active role in the learning process. On the contrary, the functionalist theory of education sees it as serving the needs of society, the individual, and families, thereby benefitting all aspects of life. Regarding the way labels are acquired through the educational process, the conflict theory emphasizes how education can perpetuate social inequalities and assign societal roles based on various factors.
Informal education refers to the incidental learning that occurs through everyday interactions and experiences, including the learning of cultural norms. This type of education doesn't rely on a formal or planned instructional process and can happen in various settings, not exclusively at home.
When discussing agents of political socialization, a U.S. senator is not typically considered an agent since political socialization is more commonly understood to be influenced by more immediate and personal contacts, such as family members, religious leaders, and teachers.
As for the earliest agent of socialization, the family is typically recognized as the first context in which socialization occurs, preceding environments such as schools, mass media, and workplaces.
Finally, our perspectives and understanding of the world are indeed deeply rooted in various factors like social constructs and the social context surrounding us. These constructs shape how we perceive roles and define our expectations within a given society.