Final answer:
Intelligence is a complex construct that encompasses the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations, influenced by both genetics and environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Intelligence
Intelligence is a multifaceted concept that has evolved over time within the field of psychology. Charles Spearman initially advocated for a single, measurable intelligence factor, termed 'g'. However, this perspective was broadened by the work of other psychologists, such as Raymond Cattell, who introduced the idea of crystallized and fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence involves the use of knowledge that has been acquired and the ability to retrieve it, while fluid intelligence pertains to the ability to see complex relationships and solve abstract problems. Both genetic and environmental factors influence intelligence, and learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, do not necessarily correlate with lower intelligence levels. Modern cognitive psychologists explore intelligence's various facets, including practical skills and adaptability in different contexts.
The final option to the student's question is: c) Capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.