Final answer:
Behaviorists would support the idea that gender identity is shaped by the reinforcement of gender roles through societal interaction, which includes rewards for gender-conforming behaviors and punishments for non-conforming behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that gender identity results from direct and indirect reinforcement of gender roles and activities would indeed be supported by behaviorists. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through interaction with the environment. This psychological perspective posits that all behaviors, including aspects of gender identity, are formed through conditioning processes - either classical (Pavlovian) or operant (Skinnerian).
According to behaviorism, gender roles and activities are reinforced through rewards and punishments within societal interactions. When a child exhibit behavior that aligns with their assigned gender role, they are often rewarded, either through praise, approval, or other benefits. Conversely, behaviors outside of those norms may be met with disapproval or negative consequences.