Final answer:
Baumrind (2013) identified warmth and control as the two dimensions that help explain four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two dimensions identified by Baumrind (2013) that help explain the four parenting styles are warmth and control.
In the authoritative style, parents express warmth and affection while also maintaining consistent limits and reasonable demands. They listen to their child's point of view and set rules with explanations. This style is encouraged in modern American society and is associated with high self-esteem and social skills in children.
In the authoritarian style, parents value conformity and obedience, and express little warmth. They have strict rules and expect obedience, which can lead to anxious and unhappy kids. However, authoritarian parenting can be beneficial in some ethnic groups.
In the permissive style, parents make few demands and rarely use punishment. They are very nurturing and loving but may lack discipline. This style is negatively associated with grades.