Final answer:
Private speech is the act of talking to oneself to guide actions and is related to self-regulation strategies. It's especially common in children as they use it for focus and strategy. Self-regulation encompasses managing emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, while self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence in their abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behavior that involves talking to oneself, often aloud, to guide one's own actions is known as private speech. Private speech is a concept related to self-regulation strategies that individuals use to plan, guide, and monitor their own behavior. When children, for instance, talk to themselves while engaging in a task, they are often using private speech to help themselves focus and to strategize about the steps they need to take. This behavior is particularly prominent in early childhood and is a tool for self-guidance and cognitive development.Self-regulation, on the other hand, refers to the ability to regulate one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in accordance with long-term goals. Self-efficacy is the level of confidence in one's own abilities, and it plays a significant role in self-regulation. Cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort felt when one's actions are not consistent with their beliefs, can challenge self-regulation by creating psychological tension that the individual seeks to resolve.In conclusion, while self-regulation involves a broad capacity to control one's behavior and cognitions, private speech is a specific action within this larger framework, functioning as a self-directed dialogue that aids in task performance and problem-solving.