Final answer:
The process where professionals critique and suggest improvements to an article before publication is known as peer review.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process in which professionals critique an article and make suggestions for improvement before publication is known as peer review. In this process, peer reviewers who are experts in the same field as the author anonymously review the manuscript. They assess the article for the strength of its rationale, the clarity of its methodology, the ethical conduct of the research, and the validity of its conclusions.
Peer reviewers also evaluate whether the research contributes new information to the field, preventing duplication and enhancing the quality of scientific literature. After reviewing, the journal editor decides on the state of the article's publication, which could be acceptance as it is, acceptance with revisions, or outright rejection.
Peer review is the process through which professionals critique an article and provide suggestions for improvement before publication. This is commonly done in scientific research to ensure the originality, significance, and quality of the research before it is accepted into scientific literature.
Peer reviewers, who are experts in the subject matter, evaluate the article's rationale, research methodology, ethical conduct, study design, statistical analyses, and conclusions. This process helps prevent duplication of research findings and ensures the advancement of knowledge in the discipline.
Therefore answer is a) Peer review.