Final answer:
The concept of reciprocal liking describes our tendency to favor individuals who express a similar level of affection towards us, bolstering a mutual exchange that fosters deeper connections in relationships.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : a
This psychological concept explains why we are more inclined to favor individuals who show us the same level of affection or interest that we have for them. This phenomenon is deeply rooted in the desire for a balance in our social exchanges, encompassing both the emotional and informational aspects of our interactions. The principle can be observed when we disclose personal information to someone, and they reciprocate, leading to the establishment of a more intimate connection, a concept supported by the research of Laurenceau, Barrett, & Pietromonaco (1998). This dynamic sets the foundation for reciprocal liking as it suggests a two-way street of communication that fosters deeper relationships.
Reciprocity in emotional exchanges like praising or sharing is not the only factor that influences our preference for others. Similarity in backgrounds, attitudes, and lifestyles is also a significant aspect of attraction since it facilitates common ground and eases interactions, as noted by McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Cook (2001). However, contrary to reciprocal liking, self-serving bias pertains to how we perceive our accomplishments and failures, often attributing successes to internal factors while externalizing failures to maintain a favorable self-image.