Final answer:
Dr. Wang's research is an applied study that could use a scientific method including a controlled experiment, to test ways of reducing exam stress. When it's not viable to conduct experiments, observational studies or surveys might be utilized to explore natural phenomena or character traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dr. Wang's study to help students reduce stress during exams is an example of applied research, which directly applies findings to solve specific problems. This type of study contrasts with basic research, which explores fundamental principles and theories without immediate application. To conduct her research, Dr. Wang might employ the scientific method, which involves formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, and analyzing the results.
A controlled experiment is a research design that includes an experimental group and a control group, with subjects assigned randomly to either group. This allows researchers to manage variables and establish causation. For instance, studying the impact of aspirin on heart attack risk by providing one group with aspirin and another with a placebo, without participants knowing which they received, is a controlled experiment.
Sociological research may also use observational studies or surveys when it is not possible or ethical to directly manipulate variables. These methods collect information on natural phenomena or through questionnaires to establish correlations.