Final answer:
The correct answer is Cognitive restructuring. Parker is engaging in cognitive restructuring by challenging and changing his negative thoughts and beliefs about himself and his studying habits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is c) Cognitive restructuring.
Parker is engaging in cognitive restructuring because he is challenging and changing his negative thoughts and beliefs about himself and his studying habits. By replacing the negative self-talk with more positive and helpful thoughts, Parker is trying to improve his mindset and performance during exams.
Cognitive restructuring is a technique used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address and modify unhelpful or distorted thought patterns. It involves identifying negative thoughts, challenging their accuracy and usefulness, and replacing them with more realistic and constructive thoughts.