Final answer:
The brain's left and right hemispheres serving different functions, such as language and spatial reasoning, is known as lateralization. Language is often localized in the left hemisphere, while spatial abilities are more concentrated in the right hemisphere. However, both hemispheres work together, and no side has exclusive control over a specific function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tendency for the brain's left and right hemispheres to serve different functions is called lateralization. This concept refers to the concentration of particular functions, such as language and spatial abilities, in one hemisphere of the cerebrum. Studies have shown that in most people, language functions are primarily localized in the left hemisphere, whereas the right hemisphere is more involved with spatial and nonverbal reasoning. It is important to note that while these functions have a tendency to be localized on one side of the brain, they are not exclusive to that hemisphere.
For example, although language function is mostly associated with the left hemisphere in the majority of people, the right hemisphere also plays a role in this complex function. Moreover, the right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected and often work together through a structure called the corpus callosum. In split-brain patients, where the corpus callosum has been severed to treat conditions like intractable epilepsy, researchers have observed difficulties in producing verbal responses based on information processed in the right hemisphere. Such research has further confirmed the notion of lateralization.