Final answer:
Perception is the term that describes the process by which sensory data is selected, organized, and interpreted into mental representations. This encompasses a combination of bottom-up and top-down processing, where the latter is influenced by prior knowledge and expectations. It is through perception that we consciously experience and make sense of the sensory information our bodies collect from the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into usable mental representations of the world is called perception. Perception involves the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of sensory information. This process integrates both bottom-up and top-down processing, where bottom-up refers to information processing starting with the sensory input, and top-down involves applying previous knowledge and expectations.
For instance, when looking at an object, your eyes (sensory receptors) detect the visual stimuli, which is a bottom-up process. The brain then interprets these signals, taking into account what you know about the object, such as its use or danger, which is a top-down process.
Moreover, perception distinguishes itself from sensation, in that sensation is about detecting sensory stimuli, while perception encompasses further analysis within the brain to make sense of those sensory inputs. Hence, perception is a brain function and highly individual because it is influenced by each person's unique experiences, beliefs, and culture.