Final answer:
The correct sequence for Erik Erikson's developmental stages is 'Initiative, industry, identity, intimacy', option a is correct with older people in his framework struggling to overcome despair to achieve integrity. The correct order of steps in the modeling process is 'attention, retention, reproduction, motivation', and according to social exchange theory, humans aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs in relationships.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct sequence for the 'successful' completion of the second four stages of Erik Erikson's developmental stages is a) Initiative, industry, identity, intimacy. These stages correspond to Erikson's ages of psychosocial development, which are initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, and intimacy vs. isolation respectively.
Regarding the challenge with which older people must struggle in Erik Erikson's developmental stages, the answer is a. Overcoming despair to achieve integrity. Erikson's theory emphasizes each stage's unique psychosocial challenge and the importance of overcoming the negative aspect to achieve a positive outcome.
In terms of the modeling process, the correct order of steps is a. attention, retention, reproduction, motivation. This sequence reflects the cognitive processes involved in observing and subsequently emulating behavior.
Moreover, according to social exchange theory, humans seek to maximize benefits while minimizing costs in relationships. This relates to the concept that interpersonal relationships are approached with a sort of cost-benefit analysis.
In the context of Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief, the correct order is c. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, as these stages mark the emotional journey that individuals often go through when they experience loss.
People in early adulthood are primarily concerned with the issue of intimacy versus isolation, and Erik Erikson emphasized the importance of developing a strong sense of self before engaging in intimate relationships, to avoid feelings of loneliness and emotional isolation.
The main task of the adolescent, according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, is finding their own identity, which involves exploring different values, beliefs, and roles to develop a sense of self.
Finally, research indicates that individuals generally become aware of their sexual orientation in early adolescence.