Final answer:
Ling's grandparents are meeting her psychological needs, a concept from Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is necessary after basic and security needs are met and before esteem and self-actualization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : a
According to Abraham Maslow, Ling's grandparents are meeting her need to be loved and to have a sense of belonging. This need is described in Maslow's hierarchy of needs as one of the psychological needs that comes after fulfilling physiological and safety needs, but before esteem and self-actualization needs. Maslow's hierarchy is structured like a pyramid, with the most basic needs at the bottom. On the first level are biological and physiological needs, essential for survival, like air, food, drink, and shelter. Once these are met, safety and security needs come into play, which include personal and financial security, health, and wellbeing.
The psychological needs, which encompass belongingness and love needs - friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving love and affection - are the next set of needs that motivate behavior. When Ling's grandparents give her attention and care, they meet her psychological needs for love and belongingness. Receiving this type of support and affection helps to foster a sense of connection and acceptance, which is critical for psychological stability and personal development.