Final answer:
Social comparison theory explains group polarization as a tendency where individuals conform to group opinions either to gain acceptance or because they believe the group consensus is more informed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social comparison theory provides an explanation for the phenomenon of group polarization, suggesting that individuals may adjust their opinions or attitudes to align with a group norm during discussions. In the context of group polarization, when a group leans toward a certain viewpoint, individuals may employ two types of social influence to conform: normative social influence and informational social influence. Normative social influence occurs as individuals strive for acceptance within the group by conforming to the group's inclination, thus avoiding feeling ostracized or disapproved of by group members. Conversely, informational social influence occurs when individuals assume that the group consensus reflects the most accurate and informed viewpoint.
The correct answer to the student's question is that within group polarization, according to social comparison theory, individuals conform to the group's inclination either because they desire to be accepted by the group (a) or they believe others are correct in their judgments (d).