Final answer:
Tanya's choice of an English springer spaniel over a Great Dane is an example of a cognitive-based attitude because her decision is influenced by knowledge about the breeds' characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tanya wants to buy a puppy and chooses an English springer spaniel over a Great Dane because they are smaller, more active, and good with kids. The type of attitude that influenced her decision is a cognitive-based attitude, which involves a belief and knowledge about the object of the attitude – in this case, the characteristics of different dog breeds. Since Tanya's decision is based on specific attributes such as size, activity level, and friendliness toward children, it reflects cognitive processes in which she has used information and knowledge to form her preference.
A cognitive-based attitude is one of the three components of attitudes identified by Rosenberg and Hovland (1960). These components are affective (feelings), behavioral (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and cognitive (belief and knowledge). Tanya's focus on the particular traits of the dog breeds indicates that her attitude is shaped by understanding and information rather than purely emotional (affective) or based on past behaviors or actions (behavioral).