Final answer:
Knowing ourselves this way involves evaluating our thoughts and behaviors based on our values and standards, often due to cognitive dissonance or social influences such as the looking glass self and cultural socialization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : c
This implies that individuals come to know themselves by examining their own thoughts, emotions, and motivations. Introspection is a reflective process where people consider their internal psychological processes and attempt to understand the reasons behind their attitudes and behaviors. Introspection allows individuals to compare their current behavior to internal standards and values. For instance, if someone notices a discrepancy between their attitudes and actions, they might experience cognitive dissonance, a state of psychological discomfort leading them to alter either their beliefs or behaviors to regain consistency.
Beyond introspection, the development of the self is also influenced by social interactions, as noted by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley. Cooley's concept of ‘the looking glass self’ highlights that we build our self-image through our perceptions of how others view us, effectively acting as a mirror. Moreover, Carl Rogers' humanistic approach underscores the importance of achieving congruence between one’s ideal self and real self, promoting self-worth and a fulfilling life. Socialization plays a crucial role in internalizing the culture, beliefs, and values as we develop our personality and behavior within a cultural framework.