Final answer:
The injury cost carried by an individual among the given options is A. Physical pain. It is a direct, personal suffering that insurance and workman's compensation insurance do not mitigate, unlike other financial or operational costs which are typically covered by insurance or borne by the employer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following is an injury cost carried by an individual:
- A. Physical pain
- B. Higher insurance payout
- C. Compensation payments
- D. Need to replace personnel off duty
The correct answer is A. Physical pain. This is an injury cost that is borne directly by the individual who has been injured. In contrast, higher insurance payouts and compensation payments are typically covered by insurance or workman's compensation insurance, and the need to replace personnel off duty is a cost borne by the employer.
To elaborate, workman's compensation insurance ensures that employers pay into state-level funds that support workers injured on the job. However, this does not cover the personal suffering an individual goes through, which is encapsulated in the physical pain they experience. Additionally, methods like deductibles, copayment, and coinsurance exist to reduce moral hazard by having the injured party bear some of the costs, further indicating that personal costs such as physical pain can be a significant burden on an individual.