Final answer:
Skinner's operant conditioning is the process of shaping behaviors through reinforcements and punishments, which in turn modify the likeliness of those behaviors occurring again.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is operant conditioning. Psychologist B. F. Skinner developed the concept of operant conditioning, a type of learning where behaviors are shaped by their consequences. Operant conditioning involves the use of reinforcement and punishment to either increase or decrease the likelihood that a behavior will occur again. Skinner's experiments included the famous 'Skinner box', where behaviors of animals, like pressing a lever, were reinforced with rewards such as food, establishing a strong association between the behavior and the positive outcome.