Final answer:
The operant conditioning technique that allows individuals to gain control over their biological responses is biofeedback. It involves learning through consequences after voluntary behaviors, a process central to both human and animal learning. the correct option is A. biofeedback .
Step-by-step explanation:
The operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is A. biofeedback. Operant conditioning is a form of learning where an individual learns to associate a voluntary behavior with its consequences, as posited by B.F. Skinner. Unlike classical conditioning where a reflex is triggered automatically, operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior that is reinforced by consequences after the behavior is demonstrated.
Positive reinforcement results in the increased likelihood of the behavior being repeated. For instance, a dolphin at an aquarium might learn to do a flip when it hears a whistle because it knows it will receive a fish as a reward. This learning process is crucial in behaviors that are not innate, such as training animals to do tricks that they would not normally do in the wild.