Final answer:
In adulthood, divorce, retirement, and the death of a spouse can affect friendships by changing social circles and support systems, potentially leading to greater isolation and an increased risk of mistreatment, particularly among the elderly. The answer to the question is d. all of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
In adulthood, divorce, retirement, and the death of a spouse can all significantly affect friendships. These life events can lead to changes in social networks, emotional support systems, and the capacity to engage in shared activities.
During adulthood, particularly in older adulthood, such factors can even increase the risk of an individual suffering mistreatment. For example, bereavement due to widowhood, which can be a highly isolating experience, has been identified as a factor that increases the risk of mistreatment.
An older person's withdrawal from previously enjoyed activities and social circles, as illustrated in the hypothetical scenario where an aging man retires, stops participating in hobbies, and becomes increasingly isolated after the death of his spouse, is of particular concern.
This kind of withdrawal can be influenced by multiple factors including personal loss, decreased mobility, or other health-related issues. The "graying of the United States" indicates an increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old, which may mean that these social and health issues are becoming more prevalent in society.
Abuse of the elderly, if it occurs, is most likely to be perpetrated by those who are in a caregiving role rather than strangers or professionals such as lawyers.
Additionally, causes of death shift towards diseases such as cancer and health issues related to obesity in high-income nations, rather than accidents or violence which are more common among younger adults. The answer to the question is d. all of the above.