Final answer:
A consistent minority can influence the majority by holding steadfast in their judgments. Consistency by the minority group is essential for swaying majority opinion and inducing societal change. This phenomenon is a crucial aspect of social dynamics, particularly in civil rights and politics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research on minority influence indicates that a consistent minority can influence the majority by being steadfast in their positions and judgments. This principle is known by the term minority influence, which is a form of social influence that is exerted by a smaller group upon the larger, or majority, group. The minority group must maintain consistency in their views and approaches to sway the majority's opinion or to induce change within the societal norms.
Consistency tends to be the key factor because it signals the minority's commitment and certainty in their viewpoint, leading others to re-evaluate their own positions. This contrasts with a stance that is inconsistent, which typically fails to gain the support of others since it may be perceived as less reliable or as a sign of uncertainty within the minority group. Hence, the majority can be influenced by a minority if the latter is consistent in their judgments, which aligns with option 'a' from the selections provided.
Understanding how a consistent minority can lead to change is crucial in areas such as civil rights and electoral politics, where majoritarianism can often overlook or suppress the needs and rights of minority groups. In these contexts, a persistent minority can play a pivotal role in shaping public policy and societal norms, advocating for equal rights and opportunities that extend beyond the majority's interests.