Final answer:
Overall, attitudes are not always good predictors of behaviors due to various external and internal influences; studies show social context, conformity, and other factors can sway actions. Other provided answers include recognizing our own behavior influences due to actor-observer bias, identifying that a positive correlation doesn't imply health benefits, and acknowledging lower U.S. voting rates compared to some countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The direct answer to the student's question is b. False: overall, attitudes do not always predict behaviors accurately. Attitudes consist of three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge). While each element plays a role in shaping behaviors, other factors such as social context, group norms, authority figures, and situational variables can significantly influence the correlation between attitudes and actions. This dynamic is underscored by studies in conformity, compliance, and obedience, which illustrate how external pressures can lead individuals to act against their personal beliefs and attitudes.
Answering part 4 of the provided information, we have more information about b. influences on our own behavior due to the actor-observer bias. For part 6, the statement is False; a positive correlation merely indicates a relationship between two variables, not necessarily health benefits. As for part 5, the statement is b. False; voting rates in the United States are not higher than in many democratic industrialized countries. Experiencing urbanization and immigration were indeed factors contributing to the temperance movement, making the answer to parts 3 and Exercise 13.3.3 a. True. Finally, for part 23, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the assessment that uses true/false questions.