Final answer:
People think of themselves as different from others based on the uniqueness theory. Minority groups are defined by their lack of power, and scapegoat theory explains the displacement of blame by dominant groups. Self-perception is linked to congruence, choices about where to live are related to selective migration, and White privilege describes an unearned benefit based on race.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Social Psychology and Sociological Theories
The idea that people think of themselves in terms of attributes that make them different from others is the definition of b. uniqueness theory. This concept is a part of social psychology, which explores how individuals perceive themselves within the context of society and their relations with others.
The one defining feature of a minority group is c. Lack of power. Minority groups are not just about being a numerically smaller but also about having less power in social, economic, and political terms.
Scapegoat theory shows that b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems. This theory explains how one group may displace their frustrations or failures onto another group, often leading to discrimination and prejudice.
The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's b. gender. These concepts are related to cultural norms and roles associated with one's sex.
The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called d. congruence. This is an aspect of self-concept, where a sense of authenticity and consistency in one's actions and self-perception is maintained.
The concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs is known as a. selective migration. It is a personal choice driven by individual preferences and the desire for a compatible living environment.
c. White privilege is being sure you will deal with authority figures of the same race as a White person in the United States. It implies an advantage that White people have, unconsciously or consciously, in a society that privileges their race.