Final answer:
Consensus is the source of information for attribution when you ask how others performed on the same test to understand the cause of your grade. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
When trying to attribute the cause for your poor grade on a test by asking around to see how others in your class did, the source of information for attribution you are seeking is known as consensus.
Consensus refers to the degree to which other people's behavior is similar to yours in the same situation. If most of your classmates also received poor grades on the test, there is a high consensus, and you might conclude that the test was difficult, rather than blaming personal factors such as lack of preparation or ability.
By comparison, consistency would refer to whether you consistently receive poor grades on tests over time, distinctiveness would reflect whether your performance is specifically poor on this test compared to other tasks, and validity refers to whether something measures what it is intended to measure, which is not applicable in this context of social information gathering.