Final answer:
Psychologists term 'c) Attentional bias' as the tendency to remember or respond to some stimuli more than others, which is different from 'confirmation bias,' the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that aligns with one's preexisting beliefs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : c
his term does not appear in the provided reference, which discusses confirmation bias extensively.Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs and hypotheses, while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities. This cognitive bias is prevalent in all areas of decision making, including scientific research, business decisions, and personal relationships. It strongly influences the information we notice, the details we glean from that information, and how we act upon the knowledge we've acquired.
By selectively gathering evidence, we often unconsciously interpret information in a biased manner that reaffirms our existing perceptions and values. Confirmation bias plays a significant role in how we handle data and avoid cognitive dissonance, the discomfort experienced when confronted with new information that contradicts our beliefs. In essence, confirmation bias helps us maintain a consistent worldview, but it can also prevent us from considering information objectively and can hinder our ability to make informed decisions.