Final Answer:
The constructivist approach emphasizes that the social context plays a crucial role in children's reading development, as meaning is socially negotiated. Thus option d) Constructivist approach is the correct option.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the constructivist approach, the focus is on the child's active participation in the learning process, with an understanding that learning is a socially mediated activity. Social interactions and cultural contexts are integral to constructing meaning in reading. Children don't passively absorb information; instead, they actively engage with the material and negotiate meaning with others. This aligns with the sociocultural theory proposed by Vygotsky, where learning is seen as a social process.
The constructivist approach contrasts with the phonics approach, which emphasizes the decoding of individual phonemes and focuses on the mechanics of reading. While phonics is valuable for decoding, the constructivist approach recognizes that reading involves more than just recognizing letters and sounds. It acknowledges the importance of comprehension and meaning-making, which are influenced by social interactions. This approach also aligns with the whole language approach, which emphasizes the integration of various language skills in a meaningful context.
Furthermore, the constructivist approach addresses the limitations of the reading readiness approach, which tends to view reading development as a linear process based on predetermined stages. In contrast, the constructivist approach recognizes the variability in children's learning trajectories and acknowledges that literacy acquisition is influenced by diverse social and cultural factors. Overall, the constructivist approach highlights the interconnectedness of social context, meaning negotiation, and the development of reading skills in children. Therefore option d) Constructivist approach is the correct option.