Final answer:
The correct option is c) Self-efficacy.
Trent's outlook on success and his interpretation of past accomplishments are influenced by his self-efficacy, which is his belief in his own capabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario illustrating Trent's expectation to fail despite his past accomplishments aligns with the principles of social cognitive theory, particularly the concept of self-efficacy. According to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own capabilities to successfully perform specific tasks or achieve goals in particular situations.
Trent's consistently negative expectation of failure, despite a track record of past successes, suggests a low sense of self-efficacy. His tendency to doubt his own competences and overlook his achievements indicates that he lacks confidence in his ability to succeed. This low self-efficacy may be rooted in various factors, such as past experiences, feedback from others, or even internal beliefs about his capabilities.
The influence of self-efficacy extends beyond mere confidence; it shapes how individuals approach challenges, set goals, and persevere in the face of difficulties. In Trent's case, his low self-efficacy might lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, where his negative expectations influence his behaviors and actions, potentially hindering his overall performance.
Addressing and enhancing self-efficacy is crucial for individuals like Trent. This can involve acknowledging and appreciating past accomplishments, setting realistic goals, and gradually expanding the scope of challenges to build confidence. Social cognitive theory emphasizes the dynamic interplay between personal factors, behavior, and the environment, highlighting the importance of fostering a positive and realistic sense of self-efficacy to promote success and well-being.