Final answer:
Kiyoshi is experiencing the effects of retroactive interference, which occurs when newly learned information hinders the recall of older information. This is different from proactive interference and various forms of amnesia, such as anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
Step-by-step explanation:
After learning the password for his new desk computer at school, Kiyoshi is unable to remember the password for his year-old laptop. Kiyoshi is experiencing the effects of retroactive interference. This type of interference occurs when information learned more recently, such as the new password, hinders the recall of older information, which in this case is the password for his laptop. Unlike proactive interference, which involves old information affecting the recall of new information, retroactive interference works in the opposite direction, with new information affecting the recall of old information.
This phenomenon is a common cause of forgetting and can be contrasted with procedural memory which is a type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, and not typically affected by such interference. It is also important to differentiate it from antigrade amnesia where a person cannot remember new information due to brain trauma, and retrograde amnesia where there is a loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma.