Final answer:
Deeper processing, particularly through semantic encoding, enhances the accessibility of memory traces, which improves retrieval from long-term memory. This is facilitated by the meaningful association of new information with existing knowledge and personal relevance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the impact of deep processing on improving the retrieval of information from memory. One proposed explanation for the improved retrieval after encoding with a deeper level of processing is that deeper processing (b) Enhances the accessibility of memory traces).
Higher levels of processing such as semantic encoding tend to involve the input of words and their meanings, making the information more meaningful and thus, better committed to long-term memory (LTM). Semantic encoding involves personal relevance through the self-reference effect, enhancing the retention of information in LTM.
This, combined with other factors like elaborative rehearsal and the creation of complex memory traces, enables better retrieval as the memory becomes more accessible due to its meaningful connections within the memory system.