Final answer:
Coleman's IQ of 130 suggests IQ tests are reasonably accurate at measuring certain cognitive abilities relevant to school performance; however, the validity and bias of IQ tests are still subjects of debate in the psychological community. The correct option is d) IQ tests are reasonably accurate measures of intelligence
Step-by-step explanation:
Coleman's IQ of 130, which is well above average, implies that IQ tests are reasonably accurate measures of intelligence. This is because individuals with high IQ scores, like Coleman, tend to do well in academic settings, suggesting that the IQ test measures some aspects of cognitive abilities that are relevant to school performance.
Despite this, there is still debate in the psychological community about the validity and fairness of IQ tests to measure intelligence comprehensively.
Conflict theorists argue that IQ tests may be biased because they can disadvantage children with learning disabilities who might not perform well on tests but have other forms of intelligence not measured by the test.
Moreover, the historical development of IQ tests involved standardization and norming procedures that make the tests highly reliable in terms of consistency of results, but this does not necessarily equate to them being wholly valid or unbiased. The correct option is d) IQ tests are reasonably accurate measures of intelligence