Final answer:
The sense of self in a collectivist culture is most influenced by emphasizing group harmony and cohesion, as group goals and community connections are valued over personal achievements.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a collectivist culture, the sense of self is likely to be contributed to by d) Emphasizing group harmony and cohesion. Collectivist societies place significant value on the collective over the individual, prioritizing group goals, social harmony, and community engagement over personal achievements or competition. For example, activities such as preparing a meal together, socializing, and playing group games are ways in which collectivist cultures reinforce the importance of the collective and foster a strong sense of group identity.
Collectivist values can deeply influence personality traits, whereby people in collectivist societies tend to exhibit more socially oriented personality traits. This contrasts with the emphasis on independence and competition observed in individualist cultures, where personally oriented personality traits are more prevalent. Understanding these cultural differences is important for cross-cultural psychology and the development of culturally sensitive personality assessments, as traditional Western approaches might not fully capture the nuances of personality in collectivist contexts.