Final answer:
A person with a low IQ but extraordinary abilities in certain areas is known as a savant. This demonstrates that intelligence is multifaceted and not solely defined by an IQ score. The case of Kim, who can memorize the contents of thousands of books, exemplifies savant syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
A person like Kim, who has a low IQ but shows extraordinary ability in some intelligent process, is known as a savant. The term savant refers to individuals who have significant mental disabilities but also exhibit exceptional skills or brilliance in certain areas, often to a remarkable degree. This condition is known as savant syndrome and can include prodigious capabilities in memory, mathematics, art, or music. In Kim's case, their extraordinary memorizing ability, being able to recall the contents of over nine thousand books despite an IQ of 85, falls under this category.
Intelligence is a complex and often debated subject. It's important to note that intelligence quotient (IQ) is only one measure of cognitive abilities. Some researchers, like Howard Gardner with his Multiple Intelligences Theory, argue that intelligence is multifaceted and not well captured by a single IQ score. This perspective is supported by cases like Kim's, where exceptional skills defy the limitations suggested by a traditional IQ score.
IQ tests attempt to measure intellectual capabilities, such as problem-solving and reasoning skills. The score on an IQ test is intended to reflect how well someone can understand and engage with concepts and challenges, relative to a standard population. Typically, an IQ score of around 100 is considered average. However, a high or low IQ score is not always predictive of someone's ability to succeed in all areas of life. As the extraordinary abilities of savants demonstrate, individuals can possess remarkable talents that transcend their measured IQ levels.