Final answer:
Behavior therapy is based on conditioning and observable behaviors, unlike Freudian psychoanalysis, which delves into the unconscious mind. Behaviorism, with psychologists like Pavlov and Skinner, excludes inner thought processes, in contrast to cognitive-behavioral therapy which integrates both cognition and behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fraught with different methodologies and perspectives, psychology offers varying approaches to understanding human behavior. Behavior therapy is grounded in the concept that all human actions, thoughts, and feelings are behaviors influenced by physical factors, and can be shaped or modified using learning principles such as conditioning. In contrast, Freudian psychoanalysis is not considered a form of behavior therapy; instead, it explores the depths of the unconscious mind, and its influences on conscious behavior through means like dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association. Freudian psychoanalysis is often described as a psychodynamic approach, favoring in-depth conversation and interpretation over the observable and measurable techniques associated with behavior therapies.
Behaviorism, exemplified by the work of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner, centers on the direct observation of behavior and environmental triggers without regard to inner thought processes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, however, embodies a synthesis of behavioral principles with cognitive psychology, acknowledging that cognition can influence learned behaviors.
In summary, among various psychological approaches, it's the learning approaches, such as classical conditioning and other behavioral therapies, that focus strictly on observable behavior and provide a stark contrast to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, thereby demonstrating the diversity in the landscape of psychological treatments.