Final answer:
Increased hostility toward outgroups and loyalty to one's ingroup is known as ethnocentrism, a belief in the superiority of one's own culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pattern of increased hostility toward outgroups, accompanied by increased loyalty to one's ingroup, is called ethnocentrism. This social phenomenon involves evaluating and judging other cultures based on the standards and norms of one's own culture. It assumes that one's own culture is superior to others. This is in contrast to concepts such as assimilation, where a minority group conforms to the dominant culture, or pluralism, where groups maintain their distinct cultural identities within a society.
The Ku Klux Klan, for instance, exemplifies a counterculture that harbors extreme ethnocentric views. Intergroup relationships can span a spectrum from intolerant attitudes, like ethnocentrism and segregation, to more tolerant and inclusive ones such as pluralism and multiculturalism.