Final answer:
A psychologist would use a Biopsychosocial perspective to understand Keiko's low self-esteem due to being teased for her weight, considering biological, psychological, and social factors. Freud utilized case study methods in his research. In contrast, behavioral theorists like Skinner focused on observable behavior and Bandura introduced reciprocal determinism, while humanistic psychologists like Maslow and Rogers emphasized self-actualization.
Step-by-step explanation:
To provide a more complete picture of Keiko's difficulties, a psychologist would use many levels of analysis, or d) Biopsychosocial perspective. This approach considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological aspects could involve her genetic predisposition to weight, psychological aspects may include her self-esteem and emotional state related to being teased, and social factors could encompass the societal norms and peer interactions that contribute to her experiences of being overweight.
Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality using a b) case study approach. The case study method involves a detailed examination of a single individual or group, providing insights that may not be achievable with large-scale research methods.
In contrast to Freud and neo-Freudian approaches, which focus on inner processes, behavioral theorists like B. F. Skinner consider personality as shaped by external reinforcements and consequences. Albert Bandura introduced reciprocal determinism, which underscores the two-way interaction between an individual and their environment. Albert Bandura and Julian B. Rotter discussed the importance of self-efficacy and locus of control in personality development respectively.
Lastly, humanistic psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasized individual growth potential and self-actualization, focusing on the innate drive to become the best one can be. Their approaches highlighted the importance of free will and self-determination.