Final answer:
In psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms are unconscious behaviors used by the ego to reduce anxiety and handle trauma. Repression, reaction formation, and projection are examples of these mechanisms that operate beneath our conscious awareness to protect our psyche.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychoanalytic Theory and Defense Mechanisms
In psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious mind utilizes defense mechanisms to deal with trauma. These mechanisms are unconscious protective behaviors that work to reduce anxiety, thereby shielding the ego from being overwhelmed. When an individual experiences anxiety due to internal conflicts or traumatic events, the ego unconsciously resorts to these mechanisms for psychological protection.
One example is repression, where anxiety-inducing memories are barred from our conscious awareness. Another is reaction formation, where a person outwardly opposes their true feelings by acting in the contrary manner. Other defense mechanisms include regression, projection, rationalization, displacement, and sublimation. These processes are automatic and distort reality to alleviate psychological strain.
Notably, Sigmund Freud emphasized the significance of the unconscious in our psychological makeup. Understanding the mechanisms guarding our conscious mind is central to addressing various mental health issues such as neuroses and hysteria. Freud's method of psychoanalysis sought to bring suppressed elements of the unconscious to the fore for healing and resolution.