Final answer:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the therapy that helps individuals change negative beliefs and behaviors into positive ones. It is informed by cognitive psychology, focusing on human thinking, and can be complemented by practices such as meditation which improve cognitive processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of therapy that helps individuals uncover unhealthy, negative beliefs and behaviors and replace them with healthy, positive ones is a) Cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) involves a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties, and so change the way they feel. It is used to treat a wide range of issues in a person's life, from sleeping difficulties or relationship problems to drug and alcohol abuse or anxiety and depression.
Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of human thinking (b). It encompasses processes such as memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. Insights from cognitive psychology have greatly influenced therapeutic approaches, particularly cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, which integrate the understanding of cognitive processes with clinical practice. Furthermore, research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by practices like b) meditation. Meditation and other mindfulness techniques can enhance cognitive flexibility, attention, and emotional regulation, which are all elements that CBT might leverage during therapy.