Final answer:
A good theory must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven wrong through testing. The answer to the question is Option a) Falsifiable, which is essential for the scientific method and for theories to be subject to revision or abandonment in light of new evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
A good theory must be falsifiable, meaning that it must be possible to find fault with the explanation. The correct answer is: a) Falsifiable.
In the context of scientific inquiry, a theory must be open to falsification through testing. This is a principle introduced by the philosopher Karl Popper, and it is critical to the scientific method. If a theory is not falsifiable, it cannot be tested and revised in the light of new evidence, which is a cornerstone of scientific progress.
For instance, a theory in physics that makes precise predictions about the outcomes of experiments can be tested, and if the experimental results contradict the theory, the theory must be revised or discarded. This is different from a hypothesis or a belief that cannot be tested or proved wrong, no matter what evidence is found.