Final answer:
Observational learning can influence behavior by providing models for imitation. Studies, such as Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, have shown that aggression can be learned observationally. However, the same principles can be applied to reduce aggression and prejudice by observing non-aggressive, pro-social models.
Step-by-step explanation:
Observational learning is a powerful mechanism through which humans acquire new behaviors, including both pro-social and anti-social actions. The concept has been pivotal in understanding and intervening in patterns of behavior such as aggression. A study that successfully used observational learning to reduce aggression demonstrated the potential for behavior modification through observing non-aggressive models.
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment is a foundational study that illustrates how children imitate aggressive behaviors after observing adults acting aggressively. Kids who watched an aggressive model were more likely to behave aggressively toward the doll.
Conversely, the same principles of observational learning have been employed to diminish undesirable behaviors, such as aggression. This can include exposure to pro-social models that exhibit non-violent responses to frustration, which children and adults can emulate in real life. By witnessing alternative, non-aggressive means of conflict resolution, a reduction in aggressive responses can be achieved.
Furthermore, examples of prosocial modeling in educational settings, such as the jigsaw classroom, help in reducing prejudices by teaching through collaboration toward common goals. Here, the emphasis on group interdependence and achievement of shared objectives serves to counteract preexisting biases and foster positive social behaviors.
In the context of observational learning, research has been applied to diminish fears as well. Cook and Mineka (1989) conducted a study where monkeys learned fear responses by observing other monkeys reacting to stimuli, reflecting the power of observational learning in shaping emotional responses, which can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, such as phobia reduction.