Final answer:
Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes from mania to depression. It is distinct from major depressive disorder, which involves a prolonged depressive state without manic episodes. These mood disorders are prevalent and can significantly impact life and healthcare systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bipolar disorder is marked by fluctuations between episodes of depression and mania. Unlike major depressive disorder, which involves persistent feelings of sadness and lack of interest, bipolar disorder consists of dramatic mood swings from the highs of mania to the lows of depression, which can impact daily functioning significantly. These shifts in mood can affect concentration, energy levels, sleep, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Major depressive disorder, by contrast, does not include the high mood swings but is characterized by a long-term depressive state that affects thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and overall physical health.
The prevalence of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is substantial, with significant implications for health systems due to the high rate of hospitalizations they cause. Treatments for disorders like these can include medication such as antidepressants, psychotherapy, and other interventions. Individuals with bipolar disorder may face additional challenges in educational settings due to symptoms like poor concentration, fatigue, and memory issues during manic or depressive episodes. The need for proper management and treatment of these mood disorders is critical for improving quality of life and functionality.