Final answer:
Observational learning is the process of learning through observation and imitation of others, differing from classical and operant conditioning which are based on forming associations between stimuli and responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of learning that involves mental processes and learning through observation is c) Observational learning. Observational learning, also known as social learning or modeling, is when an individual learns by watching others and imitating their actions. This is distinct from classical conditioning and operant conditioning, which are forms of associative learning, where associations are formed between different stimuli and responses. Observational learning adds social and cognitive complexities to these basic associative processes.
Examples of observational learning include learning how to surf by watching a video or learning social behaviors by imitating parents or peers.