Final answer:
Elmer's aversion to hot dogs after getting sick from one is an example of classical conditioning, where he has learned to associate hot dogs with feeling ill.
Step-by-step explanation:
After eating a hot dog at Chez Dave's restaurant, Elmer gets sick and never wants to eat a hot dog again. This experience is a form of the learning process known as classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning where an organism learns to associate two stimuli, leading to a change in behavior. Just as Pavlov's dogs learned to associate a bell with food, leading to salivation, Elmer has become conditioned to associate the hot dog with illness, resulting in an aversion to eating hot dogs.
In this case, the hot dog (previously a neutral stimulus) becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS), the sickness is the unconditioned response (UCR), and Elmer's aversion to hot dogs is the conditioned response (CR). This example of classical conditioning differs from operant conditioning, which involves learning through the consequences of behavior; observational learning, which involves learning by watching others; and insight learning, which involves understanding internal processes.