Final answer:
The scenario of Kirsten being allowed to go out and play if she turns off her loud music is an example of operant conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The example provided demonstrates operant conditioning, which is the type of learning in which behavior is influenced by its consequences. In this scenario, Kirsten's mother allows her to go out and play when she turns off her loud music, which acts as a consequence. The change in Kirsten's behavior (turning off the music) is the result of the reinforcement (being allowed to go out and play). This fits the definition of operant conditioning, making option b) the correct answer.