Final answer:
The correct answer is option d) Cognitive evaluation.
Step-by-step explanation:
We acquire attitudes through operant conditioning when we receive praise, approval, or acceptance for expressing certain attitudes. Operant conditioning is a form of learning where the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. Through this process, behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are likely to be repeated. For example, if students are praised for a particular attitude, such as diligence in their homework, they are likely to continue exhibiting that behavior because it results in a positive reinforcement such as approval from a teacher or parent.
Reciprocal determinism and self-efficacy play significant roles in shaping one's attitudes as well. These cognitive and personal factors affect which behaviors we choose to imitate and how successful we are in performing those behaviors. If a person has high self-efficacy regarding an attitude, they are more likely to adopt and maintain it, especially when it is met with positive reinforcement.