Final answer:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is the hormone that causes gonads to increase the production of estrogen and testosterone.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the human body, the hormone that causes gonads (ovaries and testes) to increase the production of estrogen and testosterone is Luteinizing hormone (LH).
LH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the regulation of hormone production in the gonads.
This hormone stimulates the production of testosterone in the testes and the production of estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries.