Final answer:
False. Classical conditioning associates a conditioned response with a new stimulus, not an existing unconditioned stimulus.
Step-by-step explanation:
b) False
In classical conditioning, a response called the conditioned response is associated with a stimulus that it had previously not been associated with, the conditioned stimulus. The response to the original, unconditioned stimulus is called the unconditioned response.
For example, in Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned response was the salivation of dogs in response to the unconditioned stimulus of seeing or smelling their food. The conditioned stimulus that researchers associated with the unconditioned response was the ringing of a bell. After repeated pairings of the bell and the food, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate when they heard the bell alone.
Therefore, classical conditioning does not establish attitudes by pairing a conditioned stimulus with an already existing unconditioned stimulus. Instead, it associates a conditioned response with a new stimulus.