Final answer:
The symptoms experienced after discontinuing a drug an individual is addicted to are known as withdrawal (option b). The term 'withdrawal' describes the negative physical and psychological effects experienced when stopping drug use, which is distinct from tolerance, where more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symptoms of Drug Discontinuation
The symptoms that occur after a person discontinues the use of a drug to which they have become addicted are known as b) withdrawal. Withdrawal includes a variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is stopped. These symptoms are usually the opposite of the drug's effects. For example, stopping the use of sedative drugs may result in arousal and agitation. While tolerance refers to needing more of a drug to experience the same effects, withdrawal is the body's reaction to the absence of the drug.
Understanding Addiction and Dependence
Addiction refers to the compulsive use of a drug despite adverse consequences. Dependence may be physical or psychological, with physical dependence characterized by the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms when drug use is ceased. Psychological dependence describes a craving for the drug, often to ease psychological distress. In contrast, c) tolerance is the condition in which a user requires more of a drug to achieve previously attained effects due to physiological adaptations.
Hence, the answer is option b.