Final answer:
The Great Compromise resolved disputes over federal representation by creating a two-chamber Congress, with equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, addressed disagreements over federal representation by proposing a bicameral Congress with two different methods of apportioning representatives. In the upper house, the Senate, each state would have equal representation, with two members regardless of size, which addressed concerns of the smaller states. For the lower house, the House of Representatives, representation would be proportional to the population of each state, benefitting the larger states. This Compromise blended the Virginia Plan, favoring large states, and the New Jersey Plan, favoring small states. It was significant not only for shaping the structure of the U.S. legislature but also established a federal character within the Constitution.