Final answer:
Subtyping is the term that describes when individuals who do not fit their stereotype are considered 'exceptions to the rule,' which allows people to maintain their stereotypes despite evidence to the contrary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon that occurs when a group of individuals who do not fit their stereotype are thought of as "exceptions to the rule" is best described as subtyping. Subtyping allows people to hold onto their stereotypes by considering those who do not conform to the stereotype as special cases. This cognitive trick helps maintain the stereotype by categorizing non-conforming individuals as not truly representative of the group.
For instance, if there is a stereotype that women are not good at mathematics when a woman excels in this field, she might be viewed as an exception rather than disproof of the stereotype. This mechanism contributes to the strength and persistence of stereotypical beliefs, as it prevents individuals from considering counterexamples in their generalizations. Confirmation bias is a related concept where people seek information that supports their pre-existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them, further reinforcing stereotypes.
Recognizing and challenging our own biases, seeking diverse perspectives, and making a habit of critical self-reflection can help break the cycle of stereotypes and subtyping. By acknowledging the individuality and diversity within groups, we can work towards a more inclusive understanding of others, reducing the reliance on subtyping and other prejudicial dynamics.